Benjamin Cummings. InterActive Physiology®
8-System Suite CD-ROM, Benjamin Cummings, 2004.
Objective:
To explain in short essays or with
diagrams the ionic basis of pacemaker potentials and action potentials, the
phases of the cardiac cycle, and the inter-relationship among cardiac output,
heart rate, end diastolic volume and end systolic volume and their control by
neurotransmitters and hormones, at the level of 85% proficiency for each student.
In order to achieve this objective, you will need to be able
to:
- Explain the ionic basis of pacemaker potentials and action
potentials in autorhythmic cells, and the basis of action potentials in
contractile cells, including the role of various ion channels.
- Describe the phases of the cardiac cycle, the pressure
changes that determine valve action and direction of blood flow through
the heart.
- Relate the ECG and heart sounds to events of the cardiac
cycle
- Describe cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume, end
diastolic volume and end systolic volume; and to explain their
inter-relationship.
- Explain the effects of neurotransmitters and hormones on
heart rate, end diastolic volume and end systolic volume and their affect
on cardiac output.
© David G. Ward, Ph.D.
Last modified by
wardd
23 May, 2006