Hearing and Vision
Anatomy of the Ear - model of ear
External Ear
Tympanic Membrane - ear drum
Middle Ear
Auditory Ossicles
Inner Ear
Cochlea - for hearing
Oval Window - membrane that connects to auditory ossicles
Round Window - membrane that permits pressure changes
Vestibule - for equilibrium
Saccule and Utricle- for sensation of gravity, acceleration
Semicircular Canals - for sensation of head rotation
Anterior SC- respond to nodding of head
Posterior SC- respond to sideways tilting of head
Lateral SC - respond to horizontal rotation of head
Ampulla - contains the sensory receptors
Bony Labyrinth - bone surrounding Cochlea and Vestibule
Organization of the Cochlea
Scala Vestibuli - contains Perilymph moved by the oval window
Scala Tympani - contains Perilymph that moves the round window
Scala Media - contains Endolymph and Organ of Corti
Vestibular Membrane - separates Scala Vestibuli and Scala Media
Basilar Membrane - separates Scala Tympani and Scala Media
Tectorial Membrane - overlies the organ of Corti
Organ of Corti - contains Hair Cells (accessory sensory receptors)
Anatomy of the Eye - model of eye
Fibrous Tunic - dense fibrous connective tissue covering eye
Sclera - covers all but front of eye
Cornea - transparent portion in front of eye
Vascular Tunic (Uvea) - blood vessels, lymphatics and intrinsic muscles
Iris - most anterior
Pupil - opening in iris
Ciliary body - next to iris
Ciliary Muscles - concentrically organized in ciliary body
Choroid - under the sclera
Neural Tunic - innermost layer
Retina - contains photoreceptors
Fovea - region of retina containing dense concentration of cones
Optic Nerve - contains the axons of the retinal ganglion cells
Anterior Chamber - between iris and cornea
Posterior Chamber - between iris and suspensory ligaments
Aqueous Humor - in anterior chamber and posterior chamber
provides for nutrient and waste transport for cornea and lens
Vitreous Chamber - between lens and retina
Vitreous Humor - behind lens and suspensory ligament in interior of eye
gelatinous material that stabilizes the shape of the eye
Organization of the Retina - slide of retina
Pigment cells - attached to choroid
Rods and cones - light sensitive part faces the pigment cells
Outer segment - contains the light sensitive pigments
Inner segment - contains the cellular organelles
Bipolar cells - synapse on the photoreceptors
Ganglion cells - synapse on bipolar cells - axons in optic nerve
© David G. Ward, Ph.D. Last modified by wardd 23 May, 2006